Transmission



mums"? Feh 23, 1937. i 01 F. RAUEN TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 29,1923 3 Sheeis-Shee't l ATTORNEY Feb. 23, 1937. c F: RAUEN 2,072,057

TRANSMISSION Original Filed-May 29, 1923 s- Sheets-Sheet 2 INVE TOR.

ATTORNEY.

FEE, 23, 193?. c EN 2,072,057

TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 29, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 v INV TOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb; 23, 1937 Carl F. Baum, Grosse Pointe, Mich.- Originalapplication May 29,-1923, Serial No.

Divided and this application May 9,

1927, Serial No. 190,092

51 Claims.

This invention relates to transmissions, and is illustrated as embodiedin a selective sliding gear automobile transmission, the presentinvention being a divisional application of my copending applicationSerial No. 642,301, filed May 29, 1923. An object of "the invention isto provide simple and effective means for preventing movement of theautomobile or other device in which the transmission is used in the'opposite direction from that desired. In one desirable arrangement thereis a one-way clutch device or equivalent means for preventing theundesired movement. This is operated by a device illustrated as asliding gear which is controlled by the speedchanging means so that itmay be rendered operative at the proper time, for example when the gearis in low gear or in reverse. Preferably this safety device iscontrolledby the gear-shifting means, and I consider it desirable thatit be normally inoperative and that it be rendered operative by movementof the speed-changing means beyond its normal position.

In the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the safetydevice includes a shaft in the transmission having a one-way clutchdevice preventing its rotation in one direction, and on whichis splineda-gear arranged to be shifted with the gear which provides low speed andreverse. shown as brought into mesh by further movement of thegear shiftlever beyond the movement necessary for throwing. in low or reversegear. The above and other objects and features of the invention,including various novel combinations of parts and desirable particularconstructions, will be apparent from the following desc'ription of theillustrative embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the transmission, that is,through the driving and driven shafts and through the countershaft; 0

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic vertical section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1and showing the relation of the parts tothe reverse idler gear;

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, showing the one-wayclutch device;

Figure 4 is a view of -a further modification of my invention wherein asliding geaf on the driven shaft is engageable with both a right and aleft hand roller clutch;

Figure 5 is a vertical section through a trans automobile, showing an- 3on gear box of an other adaptation of my invention;

The gear for the safety device is Figure 6 is a section taken in a planeon the line 6-6 of Figure 5.

While the invention is capable of embodiment in any desired type ofspeed-changing or reversing mechanism, I have shown it in the drawingsas embodied in an ordinary selective automobile transmission of thesliding gear type, including a casing III, a driving shaft I2 from theclutch (not shown), and a Splined driving shaft l4 having a drivingflange It to be connected to the usual universal joint for the propellershaft. The driven shaft I4 is supported by an anti-friction bearing isatits rear end and at its front end is provl dediwith a reduced portion20 supported in a roller bearing 22 in a small gear 24 which is integralwith or secured to the and including a gear 36 which is constantly inmesh with the gear 24 on the driving shaft l2, so that the gear unit 30is driven as long as shaft i2 is rotating. The .unit 30 also includes asecond speed gear 38, a relatively wide low speed gear 40, and a reversegear 42 which is constantly in mesh with a relatively wide reverse idlergear 44 mounted on a shaft 46' at one side of; the countershaft 28.Splined on the driving shaft l4 there, is a high and intermediate speedgear 46 controlled from the gear shift lever by a shifter fork 48, andwhich when moved to the left in Figure '1 connects the shaft M to theshaft i2 for direct high-speed drive inthe usual manner by meshing withthe teeth of gear 24, while it is also provided with external teeth tomesh with the intermediate speed gear 38 and, be driven'thereby whenmoved to the right by the shifter fork 46. There is also splined on theshaft 14 a second gear which can be moved by a shifter fork 52 to theleft into mesh with the low speed gear 40 or to the right into mesh withthe-reverse idler gear 44, thus driving the shaft l4 at relatively lowspeeds either in a forward or a reverse direction. V According to animportant feature of the present invention, an auxiliary countershaft I4is rotatabiy mounted in the casing i0 below the shaft 26 and isfsplined;to receive a'gear 56 and tion to wedge them between inclined surfaces onthe member 58 and an internal cylindrical sur- I face on a stationaryouter member 86 secured to the casing I8 and illustrated as serving as abearing for the right-hand end of the shaft 54. In Figure 3 the springs62 urge the rollers 68 in such a direction that they wedge themselves inplace to prevent rotation of the shaft 54 in a clockwise direction. Theshaft 54 is, however, free to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction,since in this direction the action of the members 58 and 68 on therollers 58 is'to move them inwardly against the resistance of thesprings 82 into idle positions.

The gear 58 or its equivalent is shown as controlled by part of thespeed-changing means, in this particular arrangement there being ashifter fork 68 integral with or secured to a shifter member- I8 whichalso carries or is integrally formed with the shifter fork 52 for thegear 58. The shifter members 48 and I8 are operated by the usualuniversally-supported gear-shift lever in almost universal use forautomobile transmissions, and which is so well known that extendeddescription is unnecessary.

The ordinary movement of the gear-shift lever to bring the gear 58 intoengagement with the gear 48 to drive the car at low speed is preferablyonly sufficient to move the gear 56 to dotted line position A. in Figure1, so that the safety device 68 is still inoperative. Similarly themovement of the gear 58 to the right into mesh with the reverse idlergear 44 will normally only move the gear 58 to dotted line position B inFigure l, with the safety device 68 still inoperative. Further movementof the gear shift lever in either direction, however, will cause thegear 56 to mesh either with the gear 48 or the gear 42 to render thesafety device 68 operative to prevent, through the gears 56- and 58, anyrotation of the shaft I4 in a direction opposite to that desired by thedriver.- It will be seen. that gears 48 and 44 are wide enough so thatthey remain in mesh with gear 58 when the gear 56 is brought into activeposition in either direction. Thus the driver can at will leave thesafety device in inoperative position and operate the transmission thesame as any other selective transmission, or when in low gear or inreverse he can, if he wishes, render the safety device operative toprevent movement of the car in the wrong direction. This is useful, forexample, when there is a considerable grade at a cross-street, and it isnot desired to hold 7 the car with the brake while waiting for thedirection of the traflic to change. It also facilitates starting fromsuch a position when the trafflc does change, since the drivers foot mayremain on the accelerator and his hands on the steering wheel, onaccount of the fact that it is not necessary to operate either the footor hand brakes.

In the device illustrated in Fig. 4, the sliding gear 58 of thetransmission mechanism, which is selectively engageable with the gear 88of the countershaft cluster for providing a low speed drive and with theidler gear 82 for providing a reverse drive, is also adapted to beovershifted in either direction to engage, respectively, with gears 84and 86 mounted upon a shaft 89, the

gears 84 and 89 forming. the outer members of two one-way rollerclutches 88 and 98, the inner members 92 and 94 of which are splined tothe I shaft 89.

The one-way roller clutches 88 and 98 are arranged reversely to eachother so that when the gear 58 is engaged with either the gear 84 or thegear 86, the driven shaft upon which the gear 58 is slidable may rotatein a direction corresponding to the direction for which the gears areset, and when the vehicle tends to move in the direction opposite tothat in which the gears are set, whether forwardly or reversely, theclutches will operate to hold the vehicle against movement in suchdirection. The shaft 89 is held against movement by a manuallyreleasable clutch 96 which comprises a friction member 98 fixed to thegear box, a friction member I88 slid- Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, thereis illustrated a gear box of a multiple speed gear transmission for an,automobile, in which an engine driven shaft I8I is integral with themaingear I83, a suitable clutch (not shown) being providedbetween theshaft I 8 land the engine, in the customary manner. A driven shaft I84is connected through suitable splines to a flanged member I85 to whichis connected the propeller shaft (not shown) and universal joint (notshown) of the automobile transmission mechanism. This shaft I84 ismounted in suitable ball bearings I86 at one end in the transmission boxand is mounted at its opposite end by means of a roller bearing I81 inthe main gear I83. Splined upon the shaft I84 is a gear I88 adapted tomesh with the drive gear I83 when moved to the left, in order to 1tershaft for low speed or to a gear (not shown) on the idler shaft forreverse speed.

The countershaft H8 is mounted in suitable ball bearings in the ends ofthe gear box. Splined upon this shaft III) is a countershaft gear IIIwhich is movable with the gear I88 by'a common shift fork I38 so as tobe disengaged from the gear I83 when gears I88 and I83 are coupledtogether for direct drive, and to be engaged with the gear I83 when thegear I88 is in the position shown, or moved to the right so that thecountershaft will be rotated when the shafts I8I and I84 are notdirectly coupled together. Splined upon the countershaft II8 are thegears H2, H3 and H4; gear I I2 being adapted to be engaged with the gearI88 for the second speed, gear II3 engaging with gear I89 for the firstor lowspeed, and gear II4 engaging with an idler gear (not shown)mounted upon an idling shaft, the. idler gear engaging with the gear I89for reverse speed.

Upon the countershaft II8 isniounted a part II5 by means of a key H8,and this part II5 is adapted to freely rotate in one direction within anouter fixed member II'I suitably bolted to the away from its position inthe end of the cutaway portion H8, as shown in Fig. 6. The cutawayportions II8 are suitably tapered, the distance between the point I2I ofeach cutaway portion and the fixed outer part II! being smaller than thediameter of the roller H9. It will be seen, therefore, that the springsI20 in the roller H9 will prevent a counter-clockwise movement of thecountershaft III), as illustrated in Fig. 6, as they will wedge between'the parts H5 and .I II, but will freely permit a clockwise rotation ofthe shaft, as there is then no wedging action to lock the parts I I5 andII! together.

The automatic brake device will at any time prevent reverse rotation ofthe countershaft I I0, and if the countershaft IIlIis geared by means ofeither of the gears I08 and I09 so that the transmission is in second,first or reverse speed, will prevent the car from moving in a directionopposite to which it is intended. As the countershaft can be driven inonly one direction, no throw-out or release of the brake is requiredwhen it is desired to .go backward. This brakewill not prevent reversemovement of the car when in high gear, since under such circumstancesthe countershaft III] is not driven.

While several illustrative embodiments have been described in detail, itis not my intention to limit the scope of the invention to anyparticular embodiment or otherwise than by the terms of the appendedclaims.

I claim:

1. In a motor vehicle transmission mechanism including 'a driven shaftand having shift means whereby it may be set fora forward or reversedrive, a device for preventing reverse movement of the driven shaft whenthe mechanism is set for a forward drive, and for preventing forward Imovement of said shaft when the mechanism is set for a reverse drive,and'means for controlling the device from said shift means.

2. In a motor vehicle transmission mechanism including a driven shaftand having shift means whereby it may be set for a forward or reversedrive, a device comprising a cylindrical member and a member carrying atleast one locking element for preventing rotary motion of the drivenshaft in one direction whilst permitting motion in the other direction,and a control device operated from the said shift means to control theoperation of said device to prevent rotation of the said shaft in thedirection opposite to that for which the transmission is set bythe'shift means.

3. In a motor vehiclejtransmission mechanism,

means for preventing movement of the vehicle in a direction opposite tothat for which the transmission is set, comprising fixed and rotarymembers, and means operated from the usual sliding gear for the reverseand low speed forward drives cooperating with the said fixed and rotarymembers so as to permit movement of the vehicle only in the desireddirection.

4. In a motor vehicle transmission mechanism, means for preventingmovement of the vehicle in a direction opposite to the desireddirectionof travel, comprising fixed and rotary elements, locking meanscooperating with both such elements, and a control device movable withthe usual sliding gear for the reverse and low speed forward drives andcooperating with the said locking means to either permit a forward andprevent a reverse movement or to permit a reverse and prevent a for-Ward movement.

5. A vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, change speedgears, at least one of which is slidable in changing speed, a one-wayclutch device, and a gear for operating saiddevice which is moved intomesh with one of said gears in unison with the movement of said slidablegear.

6. A vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, change speedgears, at least one of which is slidable in changingspeed, a one-wayclutch device, and a gear for operating said device which is moved intomesh wlitli one of said gears in unison with the movement of saidslidable gear, there being an intermediate position in which theslidable gear is in mesh and the gear for the clutch device is not inmesh.

7. A motor vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, a shaft,means for driving said shaft selectively at different speeds and inopposite directions, driver-operated means for controlling said drivingmeans, and means for preventing rotation of said shaft in one directionand which is connected to said driver-operated means in such a manner asto be rendered operative or inoperative at the will of the driver.

8. A motor vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, a shaft,means for driving said shaft selectively at different speeds and inopposite directions, driver-operated means for controlling said drivingmeans, and 'means acting on a part of said driving means for preventingrotation of said shaft in one direction and which is operativelycontrolled by said driver-operated means.

9.-A motor vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, a shaft,devices operable selectively for driving the shaft at different speeds,and a normally inoperative device arranged to be operable when one ofsaid devices is in operation and which prevents rotation of the shaft'inone direction.

10. A motor vehicle transmission comprising, in,

combination, a shaft, devices operable selectively for driving the shaftin opposite directions, and a" normally inoperative device arranged tobe operable when one of said devices is in operation and which preventsrotation of the shaft in one direction.

11. A motor vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, a drivenmember, selectively operable change speed devices for driving saidmember, a member movable to operate at least one ofsaid devices, andmeans rendered operative by further movement of said movable member toprevent movement of the driven member in one direction. 12. A motorvehicle transmission comprising, in

combination, a driven member, selectively operable devices for drivingsaid member in opposite directions, a member movable to control at leastin one direction, a rotatable gear member slidably mounted on saidauxiliary shaft, and means cooperating with the shaft and said memberfor preventing rotation of said member in one direction. I

14. The combination with a vehicle transmission, of an auxiliary shafttherefor rotatable in one direction, a rotatable gear member slidablymounted 'on said auxiliary shaft, and a one-way clutch devicecooperating with said shaft and said member for preventing rotation' ofsaid 5 member in one direction.

15. A motor vehicle transmission comprising in combination a drivenshaft, change speed gear means for engaging said shaft whereby to rotatethe same, {means controlled by said first mentioned means whereby saiddriven shaft is prevented from rotating in predetermined directions, anda manually operated device controlling both of said means.

16. The combination with a vehicle change speed transmission providedwith a uni-directional driving shaft and a manually operated shiftingmember, of means optionally cooperable with said shifting member forpreventing reverse rotation of said shaft.

17. Ayehicle transmission comprising a drive shaft, a countershaft, adriven shaft, change speed gearing comprising a reverse idler gearoperatively connecting said countershaft and said driven shaft to drivesaid driven shaft in a reverse direction, and a one-way clutch devicecooperating with said reverse idler gear to prevent at will the reversemovement of said reverse idler.

18. The combination with an automobile transmission having a gear shiftlever which is movable from'a neutral position to a plurality of otherpositions so as to place said transmission in gear, of a normallyinoperative reverse brake and applying means for said brake operable bysaid lever by moving said lever from its neutral position through and toa point beyond one of its other positions.

19. In an automobile, a' transmission shaft, braking means thereon forarresting backward 40 movement of the car while geared for forwardmovement, a transmission lever, and connections therefrom operable whilesaid car is geared for forward movement to render the braking meanseither operative or inoperative.

20. In an automobile, a transmission shaft, normally inoperative brakingmeans thereon, a transmission lever, and connections therefrom operableto render the braking means operative by further movement of thetransmission lever 50 after it has been shifted into starting gear,thereby arresting backward movement of the car.

. 21. In a motor-vehicle transmission, the combination of a drivingshaft, a plurality of parallel shafts, one ofwhich is axially alignedwith 55 said driving shaft, two diiferent types ofmechanisms operablyassociated with said shafts, one

of said mechanisms being operable for providing a driving connection ofa selectedratio between said aligned shafts, and the other of saidmecheo anisms comprising a friction device operable in the same ratio,means shiftable in one direction and operable for rendering one of saidmechanisms op'etrative, said means being shiftable further in the samedirection for rendering the 5 other of said mechanisms operative, saidfriction device being disposed and arranged with respect to said one ofsaid mechanisms so that said friction device can be rendered inoperativewhen said one of said mechanisms is operative.

22. In a motor vehicle transmission, adriving shaftfa' rotatable elementdriven from said driving sh'aft, a pairof relatively movable shiftableelements, each of said shiftable elements being'engageable with saidrotatable element for 75 effecting different functions in the sameratio,

means for shifting said shiftable elements for successively engagingsaid shiftable elements with said rotatable element, and a driven shaftaxially aligned with said driving shaft and directly connected to one ofsaid shiftable elements.

23. In a motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft, a plurality ofparallelshafts, one of which is axially aligned with said driving shaft,a rotatable element on one of said parallel shafts, and driven from saiddriving shaft, a pair of shiftable elements, one of which is slidablysplined on that one of said shafts which is aligned with said drivingshaft, said shiftableelements being successively engageable with saidrotatable element for effecting different functions in saidtransmission, means for simultaneously shifting said shiftable elementsfor engaging one of said shiftable elements with said rotatable elementand for further. shifting the other of said shiftable elements forengaging the same with said rotatable element, and a friction mechanismoperatively associated with one of said shiftable elements andcontrolled thereby upon shifting thereof.

24. ha motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft, a pair of tootheddriving elements driven from said driving shaft, shiftable toothed meanscomprising a pair of members each cooperable with each of said drivingelements for successively effecting different functions in saidtransmission, said means normally. being disposed in a neutral positionbetween said driving elements and being shiftable andovershiftable inboth directions, and a shaft directly connected to one of said membersto be driven thereby.

25. In -a motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft, a pair of drivingelements driven from said driving shaft, shiftable means comprising apair of elements each conn'ectlble with each of said driving elementsand normally being disposed in a neutral position between said drivingelements, said means being selectively shiftable in either direction tocooperate with either of said elements for effecting one function in thetransmission and overshiftable in either direction for cooperating witheither of said elements for effecting a different function in saidtransmission, and a shaft connected to a part of said means to be driventhereby.

26. In a motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft, a plurality ofparallel shafts, one of which is axially aligned with said drivingshaft, a plurality of pairs of driving elements driven from saiddrivingshaft, a pair of shiftable elements connected to one of saidparallel shafts, one of said shiftable elements being shiftable to agreater extent than the other of said shiftable elements, each of saidshiftable elements normally being disposed in neutral position between apair of said driving elements and being shiftable in both directions forselectively engaging the driving elements of said pair, and a frictionmechanism associated with each of the driving elements of only one pairof driving elements and operatively controlled by the shiftable elementassociated with said last-mentioned driving elements upon movement ofsaid shiftable element.

27. In a motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft, a plurality ofparallel shafts, one of which is axially aligned with said drivingshaft, a pair of shiftable elements connected to one of said parallelshafts, one of said shiftable elements being movable to a greater extentthan the other of said shiftable elements, a first pair of drivingelements adapted to be selectively engaged by an'dadapted to beoperatively controlled by the other of said shiftable elements, saidlast-men tioned shiftable element normally being disposed in a neutralposition between said second pair of I driving elements and beingselectively shlftable in either direction to render one of the devicesof a selected pair of devices operable and further shiftable in the samedirection to render the other of the devices of said selected pair ofdevices operable, said driving elements being adapted fordriving saidone of said parallel shafts at relatively different rates from saiddriving shaft.

28. In a motor vehicle, a transmission mechanism including a frictionelement, a positive driving element, a member operatively associatedwith one of said elements, shiftable means provided with teethconnectible with one of said elements through the teeth of said memberto effect one function in said transmission, the teeth of said shiftablemeans being directly connectible with the other of said elements toprovide a different function in said transmission, and a shaft, saidshaft being coupled to said driving element through the intermediary ofsaid shiftable means.

29. A vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, a driving shaft,a countershaft normally connected thereto, a driven shaft, means forselectively connecting the driven shaft to the count-ershaft forrotation in opposite directions and for alternatively directlyconnecting the driven shaft to the driving shaft and simultaneouslydisconnecting the countershaft from the driving and driven shafts, andautomatic means for preventing reverse rotation of the countershaft eventhough the driven shaft is not connected to the countershaft to berotated there- 30. A vehicle transmission comprising, in combination, adriving shaft, a countershaft normally connected thereto, a drivenshaft, means for selectively connecting the driven shaft to the countershaft for rotation in opposite directions and for directly connectingthe driven shaft to the driving shaft, and automatic means forpreventingreverse rotation of both the drivingshaft and the drivenshaft, said automatic means being ineffective when the driving anddriven shafts are directly coupled.

31. In combination in a change speed gearbox of a motor vehicle, a driveshaft, a driven shaft,

' a third shaft cooperating with said drive shaft and driven shaft, 9,right hand-and a left hand one-way clutch on said third shaft, one partof I each clutch being stationary, means selectively engageable witheither the right-hand or left hand one-way clutch and said driven shaftto automatically prevent retrograde movement of said vehicle eitherbackwards or forwards, and a device for rendering said clutchesinoperative.

33. In combination in a change speed gear box ofia motor vehicle, adrive shaft, a driven shaft,

a third shaft,-a right hand and a left hand'oneway clutch mounted. onsaid third shaft, one part of each clutch being detachably connected toa fixed part of the vehicle, and means selectively engageable witheither the right hand or left hand clutch and drivably connectedwith'said driven shaft, to prevent retrograde movement of said-' vehicleeither backward or forward.

34. A motor vehicle transmission mechanism having shift means whereby itmay be set selectively for forward or reverse drive, a driven shaft,

and-means operable by overshift of said means to prevent movement ofsaid shaft in a direction opposite to that for which said transmissionis set.

35. The combination with a motor vehicle transmission mechanismincluding a drive shaft and shiftable rods operable to set saidmechanism for rotating said shaft either forwardly or reverse: ly, ofbrake mechanism operable in response to the movement of said rods foroptionally preventing rotation of the drive shaft in a directionopposite to that for which said transmission is set,

regardless whether it be set for forward or reverse.

36. I'he combination with a motor, vehicle transmission mechanismincluding a drive member and shifting rods operable to set saidmechanism for rotating said member either forwardly or reversely, ofbrake mechanism operable in response to the movement of said rods foroptionally preventing movement of said member in a direction opposite tothat for which said mechanism is set regardless whether it be set forforward or reverse, and permitting rotation of the member in bothdirections.

3'1. The combination with a motor vehicle transmission mechanismincluding a drive member and shifting means operable to set saidmechanism for rotating said member either forwardly or reversely, ofbrake mechanism operable inresponse to the movement of said means foroptionally preventing movement of said member in a direction opposite tothat for which said mechanism is set regardless whether it be set forforward or reverse.

38. A motor vehicle transmission comprising,-

in combination, a driven member, selectively operable change speeddevices for driving said member, a member movable in one directionto-operate at least one of said devices, and means rendered operative byfurther movement of said movable member in the same direction to preventrotation of the driven member in one direction.

39. A motor vehicle transmission comprising,

in combination, a driven member, selectively operable devices fordriving said member in oppo-' site directions, a member movable in onedirection to control atleast one of said devices, and means renderedoperative by further movement of said movable member in the samedirection to prevent rotation of the driven member in one direction.

40. A motor vehicle transmission comprising a plurality of mechanisms,including change speed gearing, shift means for setting said gearing in.

operation, said shift means beingovershiftable to control the operationof another of said mechanisms without changing said change speedSearing.

41. In a motor vehicle, the combination of a shaft, two different typesof mechanisms operaof said mechanisms, said friction device comprising aplurality of members disposed and arranged so that the grip of saidfriction device is increased due to the tendency of one of said membersto rotate relative to another of said members.

42. In a motor vehicle transmission, a shaft,

two different types of mechanisms includingchange speed gearing and afriction device operably associated with said shaft, shift means forsetting said'gearing in operation, said shift means being overshiftableto control the operation of the other of said mechanisms.

43. In a motor vehicle, the combination of a shaftoperatively'associated with the road wheels of said vehicle, twodifferent types of mechanisms operatively associated with said shaft,one of said mechanisms comprising a friction device, said frictiondevice comprising a plurality of members disposed and arranged so thatthe grip of said friction device is increased by the tendency of one ofsaid members to rotate relative to .another of said members, saidmechanisms having different functions, shift means for setting one ofsaid mechanisms inoperation, said shift means being overshiftable tocontrol the operation of the other of said mechanisms withouteliminating the function of said friction device.

44. In a motor vehicle drive system, a transmission including a shaftoperatively associated with the road wheels of the vehicle, and amechanism normally operable for automatically holding said vehicleagainst undesired reverse movement, said I mechanism comprising afriction device including a part fixed to a stationary part of saidvehicle, a cooperating friction part non-rotatably connected to saidshaft, and a one-way clutch including a member fixed to rotate with saidshaft, and another member adapted to be coupled with said member uponundesired reverse movement of said vehicle, and a movable memberoperatively associated with said one-way clutch for rendering saidmechanism operative and inoperative.

45. In a-'motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft; a rotatableelement driven from said'driving shaft and having radially extendingprojections, ,a pair of relatively movable shiftable elements each ofsaid shiftableelements being provided withradially extending projectionsand being engageable with said rotatable element for effecting differentfunctions in said transmission, one of said shiftable elementscomprising a part of a friction mechanism, the radially extendingprojections of one of said elements being adapted to bridge theprojections of the other two of said elements for effecting one of saidfunctions, means for shifting said shiftable elements for successivelyengaging said shiftable elements with said rotatable element, and adriven shaft axially aligned with said driving shaft and directly.connected to one of said shiftable elements.

46. In a motor vehicle transmission, a driving shaft, a rotatableelement driven from said driving shaft and having radially extendingprojec fecting diflerent functions in the transmission, a

driven shaft axially aligned with said driving shaft and directlyconnected to one of said shift able elements, means for shifting one ofsaid shiftable elementsfor engaging the same with said rotatable elementfor effecting one of said functionasaid means being shiftable further insaid elements will bridge the projections of the other two of saidelements for effecting the other of said functions.

47. In a motor vehicle transmission, the combination of a driving shaft,a rotatable element driven from said driving shaft and having radiallyextending projections, ,a pair of relatively movable shiftable elements,each of said shiftable elementsbeing provided with radially extendingprojections and being engageable with said rotatable element foreffecting different functions in the transmission, the radiallyextending projectionsof one of said elements being adapted to bridge theprojections'of the other two of said elements for effecting one of saidfunc- 'tions, means for shifting said shiftable elements driven fromsaid driving shaft and having radially extending projections, a pair ofrelatively movable shiftable elements, each of said shiftable elementsbeing provided with radially extending projections and being engageablewith said rotatable element for effecting different functions in thetransmission, the radially extending projections of one of said elementsbeing adapted to bridge the projections of the other two of saidelements for effecting one of said functions at substantially'the pitchcircle of said elements,-means for shifting said shiftable elements forsuccessively engaging the same with said rotatable element, and'a drivenshaft axially aligned with said driving shaft and directly connected toone of said shiftable elements.

49. A motor vehicle transmission comprising a driving shaft, a drivenshaft axially aligned with said driving shaft and operatively associatedwith the road wheels of the vehicle, a mechanism comprising a train ofgearing operable for driving said driven shaft in a selected gear ratioin the same direction of rotation as the direction .shaft, a drivenshaft operatively associated with the road wheels of the vehicle andadapted to be driven from said driving shaft, a plurality of mechanismsoperatively associated with said driven shaft, one of said mechanismscomprising a friction device, said friction device comprising. aplurality of members disposed and arranged so,

that the grip of said friction device is increased due to the tendencyof one of said members to rotate relative to another ofnsaid members,said mechanisms being cooperable with said driven shaft to effectdifferent functions in the transmission, one of said functions being theprovision of a driving connection between said'driving and driven shaftsfor driving said driven shaft in the same direction of rotation as thedirection of rotation of said driving shaft, shift means operable uponshifting thereof for controlling the operation of one of saidmechanisms, said shift means being shiftable further in the samedirection for controlling the operation of the other of said mechanisms.

51. In a motor vehicle transmission, the com-- bination of a drivingshaft, a plurality of parallel shafts, one of which is axially alignedwith said driving shaft,- a plurality of mechanisms operativelyassociated with said shafts, said shafts being rotatable in at least onedirection when both' of said mechanisms are in operation, one of saidmechanisms being operable for providing a driving connection of aselected ratio between said aligned shafts and the other of saidmechanisms comprising a friction device operable in the same ratio,means shiftable in one direction and operable for rendering one of saidmechanisms operative, said means being shiftable further in the samedirection for rendering another of said mechanisms operative, saidfriction device comprising a plurality of members disposed and arrangedso that the grip of said friction device is increased by the tendency ofone of said members to rotate relative to another of said members.

CARL F. RAUEN.

